## page was renamed from Museo/ComputerStoriciRaecycle #acl FreaknetGroup:read,write,admin,delete,revert All:read {{http://wiki.museo.freaknet.org/images/loghino.png}} = Guida al riconoscimento di hardware storico = ''A cura di Gabriele Zaverio, Museo dell'Informatica Funzionante, Palazzolo Acreide (SR) http://museo.freaknet.org'' Questo documento elenca i criteri che permettono di riconoscere quale hardware (computer, monitor, periferica, dispositivo elettronico, scheda, rack o altro ancora) puo' essere di interesse storico rispetto ad altro hardware piu' recente o di nessun interesse. == Criteri di base == Per un primo riconoscimento possiamo classificare i seguenti metodi di indagine: * Marche e case produttrici * Forma * Dimensione * Materiali utilizzati * Colori === Marche e case produttrici === Alcune case produttrici oggi non esistono piu'; e' quindi facile identificare hardware di interesse storico in base alle seguenti marche: {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-79.jpg|Acorn Computers}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23781.png|Adam Colecovision}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-7011.jpg|Altos}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-515.jpg|Amstrad}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-82.jpg|Apple Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-921.jpg|Apricot}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2229.jpg|AST Research}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-130.jpg|Atari}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-9514.jpg}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6730.jpg|Bondwell}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3312.png|British Telecom}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2968.png|Burroughs Corporation}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1111.jpg|Cobalt}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-113.jpg|Commodore}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1321.jpg|Compaq}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-20991.jpg|Data General}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6676.jpg|Dell}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-167.jpg|Digital DEC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-536.jpg|Dragon Data Ltd}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-11976.jpg|EDSAC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4926.jpg|Enigma (Gemini - Galaxy)}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-156.jpg|Epson}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-902.jpg|Ferranti}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6564.jpg|GRiD}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5290.jpg|Grundy NewBrain}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-854.gif|Hewlett Packard}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-116.jpg|IBM}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1820.jpg|ICL}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-8873.jpg|ICT}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-27289.jpg|IMSAI}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-730.jpg|Intel}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4924.jpg|Intermedia Graphic Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-15338.jpg|Intersil}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1780.gif|Intertec}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3267.jpg|ITT}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-596.jpg|Kaypro}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3412.jpg|Kokusai Electric}}|{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-125.jpg|Mattel Electronics}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5.jpg|MITS - Altair}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2231.png|Mitsubishi}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23959.jpg|Motorola}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4621.jpg|National Semiconductor}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1324.png|NEC Corporation}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-195.jpg|NeXT Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6950.jpg|Ohio Scientific}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-534.jpg|Olivetti}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-525.jpg|Oric}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-135.jpg|Osborne}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4931.jpg|Panasonic}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-162.jpg|Philips}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-877.jpg|Radio Shack - Tandy}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1576.jpg|Rockwell International}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1286.jpg|Sanyo}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-19470.jpg|Seiko}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-531.jpg|Sharp}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-14327.jpg|Siemens}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-81.jpg|Silicon Graphics - SGI}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-80.jpg|Sinclair}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2506.gif|Sirius Systems Technology}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-153.jpg|Sony}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-122.jpg|Sord / CGL}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-197.jpg|Sun Microsystems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22980.jpg|Symbolics}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-104.jpg|Tatung Einstein}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4764.jpg|TeleVideo}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1343.jpg|Texas Instruments}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-728.jpg|Toshiba}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5078.jpg|Triumph-Adler Alphatronic - Matmos PC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2149.png|Wang}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3138.jpg|Xerox}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2233.png|Zenith Data Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-12156.gif|Zilog}} Forse e' il caso di sfoltire ed eliminare alcuni di questi loghi/marche? Sono troppi? === Forma === I computer di una volta avevano forme differenti rispetto a quelli odierni. Di seguito, ecco alcuni esempi, in ordine piu o meno cronologico. ==== Rack ==== {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/Altair_8800.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/imsai8080-left.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/h8-h17-right.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/cromemco-system-three-right.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/sage-iv.jpg}} ==== Scheda ==== {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/kim1-a.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/micro-professor.jpg}} ==== Misto legno/metallo ==== Alcuni computer di una volta sfoggiavano contenitori con eleganti combinazioni di legno e metallo. {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/sol-20-right.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/compucolor-right.jpg}} {{http://www.sol20.org/media/sol20.jpg}} ==== Unita centrale e tastiera insieme ==== {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/appleii-right.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/amiga500.jpg}} ==== Unita centrale, schermo e tastiera insieme ==== {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/ibm5100.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/pet2001-black.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/trs80-iii.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/ibm5322.jpg}} ==== Forme strane e particolari ==== {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/trs80ii.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/osborne1.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/lisa2.jpg}} {{http://www.appuntidigitali.it/site/wp-content/uploads/olivetti_m20.jpg}} {{http://media.vam.ac.uk/media/thira/collection_images/2009BX/2009BX8549.jpg}} Alcuni sembrano calcolatrici, ma sono computer veri e propri: {{http://www.technikum29.de/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/olivetti_programma101.jpg}} {{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Olivetti_Programma_203.jpg}} ==== Colori inusuali ==== I sistemi di un tempo spesso sfoggiavano colori sgargianti: azzurro, blu, rosa, rosso, giallo, con diverse combinazioni. {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/compucolor-8001.jpg}} {{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/compucolor-8001-keyboard.jpg}} {{http://www.siliconbunny.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/pc102631.jpg}} {{http://www.maclife.com/files/u58/imac-g3.jpg}} === Dimensione === Le dimensioni dei computer storici ed in generale dell'hardware erano piu' generose nei sistemi di alcuni anni fa. {{http://it-history.net/images/IBM_1401.jpg}} {{http://spectrum.ieee.org/ns/slideshows/11W_SlideS_1401_a/custom/hr.356.jpg}} {{http://questier.com/GRAPH/SGI_Onyx.jpg}} === Materiali utilizzati === Metallo verniciato a polvere, resina, abs? Plastiche ingiallite? Rack industriali? Involucri misti legno/metallo? == Analisi del pezzo == Quando si sospetta che un pezzo abbia interesse storico o sia di una certa eta', possiamo esaminarlo in base ai seguenti criteri * Schede interne: come sono fatte? * Datazione su etichette esterne: ci sono delle date di collaudo, di scadenza garanzia o altro? * Datazione sui chip delle schede interne === Schede interne === Le schede di interesse storico solitamente sono riconoscibili dal loro colore, differente dalle schede dei computer odierni, e dalle forme particolari. {{http://ummr.altervista.org/DSCN7183.JPG}} {{http://www244.pair.com/mikehall/mainuser/aw2k/LotImg11890.jpg}} {{http://ummr.altervista.org/Transistor_Boards.jpeg}} {{http://ummr.altervista.org/PC-trans_corretta.jpg}} {{http://ummr.altervista.org/scansione0019c.jpg}} {{http://ummr.altervista.org/IBM_SMS_front.jpg}} === Datazione su etichette esterne === Spesso le date si trovano su etichette apposte sul computer o sulle schede. {{http://www.vintagecomputer.net/digital/PDP11-40/PDP11-40_powersupply_label.jpg}} === Datazione sui chip delle schede interne === I circuiti integrati (CHIP) portano su di essi un codice che identifica la data di produzione, e quindi verosimilmente e' possibile datare una scheda in base alle date dei chip montati su di essa. Il codice utilizzato e' a 4 cifre, che identifica l'anno di produzione e la settimana. {{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/chipdate.jpg}} {{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/scansione0020f.jpg}} {{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/DSCN6634.jpg}} == Altro == ... (in costruzione) === Marche non storiche === Da verificare {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4640.jpg|3com}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6736.jpg|AES Office Automation}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3042.jpg|Anamartic}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-875.jpg|Blundell Harling}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3463.gif|C Itoh}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2925.jpg|Camputers Ltd}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1371.jpg|Canon}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4598.jpg|Cifer PLC}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-8097.jpg|Compukit}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2963.png|Convergent Technologies}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3633.jpg|Data Designs Menta}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1175.gif|Dolch Computer Systems}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1339.gif|EACA}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-7118.jpg|Elonex}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1815.jpg|English Electric LEO}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-520.jpg|Enterprise Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23237.jpg|EO Computer Ltd}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-13992.jpg|Ericsson}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18512.jpg|ES COM}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3925.jpg|European Data Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6632.jpg|Evesham Micros}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5395.jpg|Exidy}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/no_section_icon.gif|Fujitsu}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2065.gif|GEC Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-11356.gif|Gemini Microcomputers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1369.gif|Goldstar}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16194.jpg|Goupil}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-25224.jpg|GR Electronics}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5780.gif|Handspring}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22018.jpg|Hawk Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2141.jpg|Hektor}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1294.jpg|Hi Grade}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1331.jpg|Jupiter Cantab}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18764.jpg|Laser - Video Technology Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28027.jpg|Linus Technologies}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-26766.jpg|LSI Octopus}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-83.jpg|Lucas - Nascom}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16853.jpg|Marconi}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-749.jpg|Memotech}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-14415.gif|Metier}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-159.jpg|MGT - Miles Gordon Technology}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-756.gif|Microbee}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4994.png|Microscribe}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4631.png|Microtek}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5793.jpg|Microwriter}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-10519.jpg|Mitac}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1064.jpg|Network Computing Devices}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2385.jpg|NMW Computers PLC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23547.jpg|NTS Computers Ltd}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-25337.jpg|Oregon Scientific}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-15669.jpg|Poqet}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22170.jpg|Portable Business Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22146.jpg|Powertran}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1417.png|Psion}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28826.gif|Qtek}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23582.jpg|Quince Communications}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16947.jpg|Raspberry Pi}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-523.jpg|Research Machines}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16776.jpg|RS Components}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18730.jpg|Samsung}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4054.gif|Sanco}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3897.png|Tandon}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-498.jpg|Scientific Development Corporation}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-708.jpg|Scientific Micro Systems|}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4929.jpg|SCL - Semiconductor Complex Limited}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16737.jpg|SWTPC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23945.jpg|Tangerine Computer Systems}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2244.jpg|Tulip Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4977.jpg|Terminal Technology - Microscribe}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28031.jpg|Tidalwave}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1030.jpg|Torch Computers Ltd}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6209.jpg|Transam}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16182.jpg|Umax}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3649.gif|Viglen}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2202.jpg|Vydec Exxon}} {{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-747.jpg|Yamaha}} -- [[asbesto]] <> CategoryMuseo