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Guida al riconoscimento di hardware storico

A cura di Gabriele Zaverio, Museo dell'Informatica Funzionante, Palazzolo Acreide (SR) http://museo.freaknet.org

Questo documento elenca i criteri che permettono di riconoscere quale hardware (computer, monitor, periferica, dispositivo elettronico, scheda, rack o altro ancora) puo' essere di interesse storico rispetto ad altro hardware piu' recente o di nessun interesse.

Criteri di base

Per un primo riconoscimento possiamo classificare i seguenti metodi di indagine:

Marche e case produttrici
Forma
Dimensione
Materiali utilizzati
Colori

Marche e case produttrici

Alcune case produttrici oggi non esistono piu'; e' quindi facile identificare hardware di interesse storico in base alle seguenti marche:

Acorn Computers Adam Colecovision Altos Amstrad Apple Computers Apricot AST Research Atari Bondwell British Telecom Burroughs Corporation Cobalt Commodore Compaq Data General Dell Digital DEC Dragon Data Ltd EDSAC Enigma (Gemini - Galaxy) Epson Ferranti GRiD Grundy NewBrain Hewlett Packard IBM ICL ICT IMSAI Intel Intermedia Graphic Systems Intersil Intertec ITT Kaypro Kokusai Electric | Mattel Electronics MITS - Altair Mitsubishi Motorola National Semiconductor NEC Corporation NeXT Computers Ohio Scientific Olivetti Oric Osborne Panasonic Philips Radio Shack - Tandy Rockwell International Sanyo Seiko Sharp Siemens Silicon Graphics - SGI Sinclair Sirius Systems Technology Sony Sord / CGL Sun Microsystems Symbolics Tatung Einstein TeleVideo Texas Instruments Toshiba Triumph-Adler Alphatronic - Matmos PC Wang Xerox Zenith Data Systems Zilog

Forse e' il caso di sfoltire ed eliminare alcuni di questi loghi/marche? Sono troppi?

Forma

I computer di una volta avevano forme differenti rispetto a quelli odierni. Di seguito, ecco alcuni esempi, in ordine piu o meno cronologico.

Rack

Scheda

Misto legno/metallo

Alcuni computer di una volta sfoggiavano contenitori con eleganti combinazioni di legno e metallo.

Unita centrale e tastiera insieme

Unita centrale, schermo e tastiera insieme

Forme strane e particolari

Alcuni sembrano calcolatrici, ma sono computer veri e propri:

Colori inusuali

I sistemi di un tempo spesso sfoggiavano colori sgargianti: azzurro, blu, rosa, rosso, giallo, con diverse combinazioni.

Dimensione

Le dimensioni dei computer storici ed in generale dell'hardware erano piu' generose nei sistemi di alcuni anni fa.

Materiali utilizzati

Metallo verniciato a polvere, resina, abs? Plastiche ingiallite? Rack industriali? Involucri misti legno/metallo?

Analisi del pezzo

Quando si sospetta che un pezzo abbia interesse storico o sia di una certa eta', possiamo esaminarlo in base ai seguenti criteri

Schede interne: come sono fatte?
Datazione su etichette esterne: ci sono delle date di collaudo, di scadenza garanzia o altro?
Datazione sui chip delle schede interne

Schede interne

Le schede di interesse storico solitamente sono riconoscibili dal loro colore, differente dalle schede dei computer odierni, e dalle forme particolari.

Datazione su etichette esterne

Spesso le date si trovano su etichette apposte sul computer o sulle schede.

Datazione sui chip delle schede interne

I circuiti integrati (CHIP) portano su di essi un codice che identifica la data di produzione, e quindi verosimilmente e' possibile datare una scheda in base alle date dei chip montati su di essa. Il codice utilizzato e' a 4 cifre, che identifica l'anno di produzione e la settimana.

Altro

... (in costruzione)

Marche non storiche

Da verificare

3com AES Office Automation Anamartic Blundell Harling C Itoh Camputers Ltd Canon Cifer PLC Compukit Convergent Technologies Data Designs Menta Dolch Computer Systems EACA Elonex English Electric LEO Enterprise Computers EO Computer Ltd Ericsson ES COM European Data Systems Evesham Micros Exidy Fujitsu GEC Computers Gemini Microcomputers Goldstar Goupil GR Electronics Handspring Hawk Computers Hektor Hi Grade Jupiter Cantab Laser - Video Technology Computers Linus Technologies LSI Octopus Lucas - Nascom Marconi Memotech Metier MGT - Miles Gordon Technology Microbee Microscribe Microtek Microwriter Mitac Network Computing Devices NMW Computers PLC NTS Computers Ltd Oregon Scientific Poqet Portable Business Systems Powertran Psion Qtek Quince Communications Raspberry Pi Research Machines RS Components Samsung Sanco Tandon Scientific Development Corporation Scientific Micro Systems SCL - Semiconductor Complex Limited SWTPC Tangerine Computer Systems Tulip Computers Terminal Technology - Microscribe Tidalwave Torch Computers Ltd Transam Umax Viglen Vydec Exxon Yamaha

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Museo dell'Informatica Funzionante, 
Palazzolo Acreide (SR)
http://museo.freaknet.org''
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Galaxy)}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-156.jpg|Epson}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-902.jpg|Ferranti}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6564.jpg|GRiD}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5290.jpg|Grundy NewBrain}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-854.gif|Hewlett Packard}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-116.jpg|IBM}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1820.jpg|ICL}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-8873.jpg|ICT}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-27289.jpg|IMSAI}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-730.jpg|Intel}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4924.jpg|Intermedia Graphic Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-15338.jpg|Intersil}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1780.gif|Intertec}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3267.jpg|ITT}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-596.jpg|Kaypro}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3412.jpg|Kokusai Electric}}|{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-125.jpg|Mattel Electronics}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5.jpg|MITS - Altair}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2231.png|Mitsubishi}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23959.jpg|Motorola}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4621.jpg|National Semiconductor}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1324.png|NEC Corporation}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-195.jpg|NeXT Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6950.jpg|Ohio Scientific}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-534.jpg|Olivetti}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-525.jpg|Oric}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-135.jpg|Osborne}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4931.jpg|Panasonic}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-162.jpg|Philips}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-877.jpg|Radio Shack - Tandy}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1576.jpg|Rockwell International}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1286.jpg|Sanyo}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-19470.jpg|Seiko}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-531.jpg|Sharp}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-14327.jpg|Siemens}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-81.jpg|Silicon Graphics - SGI}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-80.jpg|Sinclair}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2506.gif|Sirius Systems Technology}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-153.jpg|Sony}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-122.jpg|Sord / CGL}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-197.jpg|Sun Microsystems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22980.jpg|Symbolics}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-104.jpg|Tatung Einstein}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4764.jpg|TeleVideo}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1343.jpg|Texas Instruments}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-728.jpg|Toshiba}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5078.jpg|Triumph-Adler Alphatronic - Matmos PC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2149.png|Wang}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3138.jpg|Xerox}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2233.png|Zenith Data Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-12156.gif|Zilog}}
-Line 43:
+Line 50:
+{{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/micro-professor.jpg}}
-Line 46:
+Line 54:
+Alcuni computer di una volta sfoggiavano contenitori con eleganti combinazioni di legno e metallo.
-Line 48:
+Line 58:
+{{http://www.sol20.org/media/sol20.jpg}}
-Line 61:
+Line 72:
-==== Forme strane ====
+==== Forme strane e particolari ====
-Line 66:
+Line 77:
+{{http://www.appuntidigitali.it/site/wp-content/uploads/olivetti_m20.jpg}}
{{http://media.vam.ac.uk/media/thira/collection_images/2009BX/2009BX8549.jpg}}
-Line 67:
+Line 80:
-==== Colori sgargianti ====
+Alcuni sembrano calcolatrici, ma sono computer veri e propri:

{{http://www.technikum29.de/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/olivetti_programma101.jpg}}
{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Olivetti_Programma_203.jpg}}

==== Colori inusuali ====

I sistemi di un tempo spesso sfoggiavano colori sgargianti: azzurro, blu, rosa, rosso, giallo, con diverse combinazioni.
-Line 70:
+Line 90:
+{{http://oldcomputers.net/pics/compucolor-8001-keyboard.jpg}}
{{http://www.siliconbunny.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/pc102631.jpg}}
{{http://www.maclife.com/files/u58/imac-g3.jpg}}
-Line 76:
+Line 99:
+{{http://it-history.net/images/IBM_1401.jpg}}
{{http://spectrum.ieee.org/ns/slideshows/11W_SlideS_1401_a/custom/hr.356.jpg}}
{{http://questier.com/GRAPH/SGI_Onyx.jpg}}
-Line 79:
+Line 107:
-=== Colori ===

I sistemi di un tempo spesso sfoggiavano colori sgargianti: azzurro, blu, rosa, rosso, giallo, con diverse combinazioni.
-Line 88:
+Line 112:
+ * Schede interne: come sono fatte?
-Line 91:
+Line 116:
+=== Schede interne ===

Le schede di interesse storico solitamente sono riconoscibili dal loro colore, differente dalle schede dei computer odierni, e dalle forme particolari.

{{http://ummr.altervista.org/DSCN7183.JPG}}
{{http://www244.pair.com/mikehall/mainuser/aw2k/LotImg11890.jpg}}
{{http://ummr.altervista.org/Transistor_Boards.jpeg}}
{{http://ummr.altervista.org/PC-trans_corretta.jpg}}
{{http://ummr.altervista.org/scansione0019c.jpg}}
{{http://ummr.altervista.org/IBM_SMS_front.jpg}}
-Line 92:
+Line 128:
+Spesso le date si trovano su etichette apposte sul computer o sulle schede.

{{http://www.vintagecomputer.net/digital/PDP11-40/PDP11-40_powersupply_label.jpg}}
-Line 95:
+Line 136:
+I circuiti integrati (CHIP) portano su di essi un codice che identifica la data di produzione, e quindi verosimilmente e' possibile datare una scheda in base alle date dei chip montati su di essa. Il codice utilizzato e' a 4 cifre, che identifica l'anno di produzione e la settimana. 

{{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/chipdate.jpg}}
{{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/scansione0020f.jpg}}
{{http://zaverio.com/~asbesto/DSCN6634.jpg}}
-Line 97:
+Line 144:
-~~~~
+... (in costruzione)

=== Marche non storiche ===

Da verificare

{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4640.jpg|3com}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6736.jpg|AES Office Automation}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3042.jpg|Anamartic}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-875.jpg|Blundell Harling}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3463.gif|C Itoh}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2925.jpg|Camputers Ltd}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1371.jpg|Canon}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4598.jpg|Cifer PLC}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-8097.jpg|Compukit}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2963.png|Convergent Technologies}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3633.jpg|Data Designs Menta}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1175.gif|Dolch Computer Systems}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1339.gif|EACA}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-7118.jpg|Elonex}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1815.jpg|English Electric LEO}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-520.jpg|Enterprise Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23237.jpg|EO Computer Ltd}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-13992.jpg|Ericsson}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18512.jpg|ES COM}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3925.jpg|European Data Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6632.jpg|Evesham Micros}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5395.jpg|Exidy}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/no_section_icon.gif|Fujitsu}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2065.gif|GEC Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-11356.gif|Gemini Microcomputers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1369.gif|Goldstar}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16194.jpg|Goupil}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-25224.jpg|GR Electronics}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5780.gif|Handspring}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22018.jpg|Hawk Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2141.jpg|Hektor}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1294.jpg|Hi Grade}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1331.jpg|Jupiter Cantab}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18764.jpg|Laser - Video  Technology Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28027.jpg|Linus Technologies}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-26766.jpg|LSI Octopus}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-83.jpg|Lucas - Nascom}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16853.jpg|Marconi}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-749.jpg|Memotech}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-14415.gif|Metier}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-159.jpg|MGT - Miles Gordon Technology}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-756.gif|Microbee}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4994.png|Microscribe}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4631.png|Microtek}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-5793.jpg|Microwriter}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-10519.jpg|Mitac}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1064.jpg|Network Computing Devices}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2385.jpg|NMW Computers PLC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23547.jpg|NTS Computers Ltd}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-25337.jpg|Oregon Scientific}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-15669.jpg|Poqet}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22170.jpg|Portable Business Systems}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-22146.jpg|Powertran}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1417.png|Psion}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28826.gif|Qtek}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23582.jpg|Quince Communications}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16947.jpg|Raspberry Pi}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-523.jpg|Research Machines}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16776.jpg|RS Components}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-18730.jpg|Samsung}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4054.gif|Sanco}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3897.png|Tandon}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-498.jpg|Scientific Development Corporation}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-708.jpg|Scientific Micro Systems|}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4929.jpg|SCL - Semiconductor Complex Limited}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16737.jpg|SWTPC}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-23945.jpg|Tangerine Computer Systems}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2244.jpg|Tulip Computers}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-4977.jpg|Terminal Technology - Microscribe}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-28031.jpg|Tidalwave}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-1030.jpg|Torch Computers Ltd}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-6209.jpg|Transam}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-16182.jpg|Umax}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-3649.gif|Viglen}}{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-2202.jpg|Vydec Exxon}}
{{http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/sections/SPIC-747.jpg|Yamaha}}

-- [[asbesto]] <<DateTime(2013-03-21T16:21:56Z)>>